AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/063
1 Candidate of Biological Science, associate professor of Chair of pathological physiology of the name of D.A. Maslakov, Education Establishment "Grodno State Medical University".
2 Doctor of Medical Science, professor, head of Chair of pathological physiology of the name of D.A. Maslakov, Education Establishment "Grodno State Medical University";
3 Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology named after D.A. Maslakov, Grodno State University, Belarus.
4 A fourth-year student of the group number 7 of faculty of Pediatrics Medicine Grodnok State Medicalm University, Republic of Belarus.
*Corresponding Author: Bon L.I., Candidate of Biological Science, associate professor of Chair of pathological physiology of the name of D.A. Maslakov, Education Establishment
Citation: Bon L.I., Maksimovich N.Ye., Dremza I.K. and Lychkovskaya Maria A (2022) Stepwise Cerebral Ischemia Causes Disturbances in Mitochondrial Respiration of Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Rats. J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 3(1); DOI: 10.31579/2766-2314/063
Copyright: © 2022, Bon L.I, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 11 November 2021 | Accepted: 02 December 2021 | Published: 04 January 2022
Keywords: cerebral ischemia; mitochondria; brain homogenates
Objectives: To conduct a comparative analysis of respiration of mitochondria of brain homogenates of rats with stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia with different duration between ligations of both common carotid arteries.
Methods: The experiments were performed on 24 male mongrel white rats weighing 260 ±20 g. Cerebral ischemia (CI) was simulated under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg/kg). The control group consisted of falsely operated rats of similar sex and weight. To study mitochondrial respiration, the brain was extracted in the cold (0-4°C), dried with filter paper, weighed and homogenized in an isolation medium containing 0.32 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 (in a ratio of 1:10), using Potter-Evelheim homogenizer with Teflon pestle according to the modified method. To prevent systematic measurement errors, brain samples from the compared control and experimental groups of animals were studied under the same conditions.
Results: Stepwise SCI with an interval of 1 and 3 days between bandages of both OCA leads to damage to the neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats, which manifests itself in a decrease in their size, deformation of the pericaryons, an increase in the number of shrunken neurons and shadow cells. The most pronounced changes were observed in the subgroup with an interval between dressings of 1 day. These changes were similar to the changes in SCI (p>0.05), except for the absence of cells with pericellular edema in the hippocampus and a smaller number of them in the parietal cortex. SCI with an interval between WASP dressings of 7 days, on the contrary, it is manifested by less pronounced histological changes, especially in the hippocampus.
Conclusion: In cerebral ischemia, damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane occurs due to activation of free radical oxidation processes. Damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane, in turn, leads to an increase in its permeability and a decrease in the level of the proton gradient due to the transition of protons along the concentration gradient through the resulting nonspecific pores into the mitochondrial matrix. As a result, the efficiency of ATP synthesis decreases, and more substrates and oxygen are required to maintain the intermembrane potential under these conditions.
Mitochondria play a key role in the life of the cell. Their most characteristic feature is the presence of a large number of enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and energy supply to the cell [1-5]. In addition, mitochondria are involved in the storage and transmission of hereditary information, apoptosis and plastic processes [6-9].
The energy requirements of the brain, necessary for normal functional activity of neurons, are approximately 1046 J or 250 calories per minute, are provided by 95% due to aerobic glycolysis [1, 7, 10-12]. Due to the fact that the main way of obtaining energy in the brain is aerobic breakdown of glucose, its need for oxygen, in comparison with that of other organs, is extremely high [14, 15].
Most of the studies conducted are devoted to the study of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia [1, 16-18], while insufficient attention has been paid to the mechanisms of brain compensation.
When modeling severe forms of cerebral ischemia (total and one-stage subtotal), compensation mechanisms are absent due to the development of deep hypoxia [1, 16]. The study of the activity of compensatory mechanisms is possible on the basis of assessing changes in energy exchange in rats with stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia - alternate ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA) with different time intervals between dressings.
The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of mitochondrial respiration of brain homogenates of rats with stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia with different durations between ligations of both common carotid arteries.
The experiments were carried out on 24 male outbred white rats weighing 260 ± 20 g in compliance with the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council № 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Modeling of cerebral ischemia (СI) was carried out under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg/kg).
Graduated subtotal IHM (GSCI) was performed by sequential ligation of both CCA with an interval of 7 days (subgroup 1, n = 6), 3 days (subgroup 2, n = 6) or 1 day (subgroup 3, n=6) [4]. The sampling of material was carried out 1 hour after ligation of the second CCA in each of the subgroups.
The control group consisted of sham-operated rats of the same sex and weight.
To study mitochondrial respiration, the brain was removed in the cold (0-4°C), dried with filter paper, weighed and homogenized in an isolation medium containing 0.32 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 (in the ratio 1:10) using a Potter-Evelheim homogenizer with a Teflon pestle according to a modified method [19,20].
Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The nuclear fraction was separated by centrifugation at 600 g for 10 min (4°C). The resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 8500 g for 10 min (4°C), the mitochondrial pellet was washed twice in the isolation medium and resuspended to a protein concentration of 35-40 mg/ml in the isolation medium and stored in a short tube on ice. Protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method [19].
To study mitochondrial respiration, a concentrated suspension of mitochondria was introduced into a thermostated sealed polarographic cell with a volume of 3.0 ml with an incubation medium in an amount providing a final protein concentration in the cell of 1 mg/ml. The incubation medium for recording mitochondrial respiration includes 0.17 M sucrose, 40 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM KH2PO4, 8 mM KHCO3, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4.
The principle of operation of the polarographic cell is based on the registration of oxygen uptake by mitochondria using the built-in Clarke electrode at a temperature of 25°C (Figure 1).
1 - cell; 2 - thermostatically controlled chamber; 3 - Clarke electrode; 4 - magnetic stirrer; 5 - sealing plug; 6 - channels for dosed anaerobic administration of substrates and ADP; 7 - a sealing ring; 8 - channel for removing air and excess liquid; 9 - fitting for connection to an ultrathermostat.
Registration of changes in oxygen tension (pO2) in the mitochondrial suspension was carried out using an electronic recorder KSP-4.
The Clarke electrode was calibrated by sequentially blowing air (pO2 of air) and gaseous nitrogen (pO2 = 0 mmHg) through the cell.
After registering the rate of basal (endogenous) respiration in the absence of a substrate (V1), respiration substrates (malate - 2 mM/glutamate - 5 mM or succinate - 5 mM) are alternately introduced into the mitochondrial suspension, and then ADP in an amount of 200 nmol/ml. According to the obtained polarograms (Figure 3), the respiration rate of mitochondria in different metabolic states and the coefficients characterizing the conjugation of oxidation and phosphorylation processes are calculated.
The following parameters of mitochondrial respiration were recorded: V1 - basal respiration rate, V2 - substrate-dependent respiration rate, V3- - respiration rate coupled with phosphorylation (after ADP addition), V4 - respiration rate after completion of phosphorylation of added ADP. The parameters characterizing the conjugation of oxidation and phosphorylation processes in mitochondria were determined: the acceptor control coefficient (AK = V3/V2), the respiratory control coefficient (DC = V3 / V4) and the phosphorylation coefficient - ADP/O.
The use of solutions of substrates of succinate and malate / glutamate complex makes it possible to assess the degree of functional activity of the electron transfer chain (ETC) in mitochondria as a whole, in particular, of the I and II ETC complex.
To prevent systematic measurement errors, brain samples from the compared control and experimental groups of animals were studied under the same conditions.
As a result of research, quantitative continuous data were obtained. Since the experiment used small samples that had an abnormal distribution, the analysis was carried out using nonparametric statistics using the Statistica 10.0 licensed computer program for Windows (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Data are presented as Me (LQ; UQ), where Me - median, LQ - value of the lower quartile; UQ is the upper quartile value. Differences between groups were considered significant at p‹0.05 (Kruskell-Wallis test with Bonferoni's correction).
Step SCI with an interval of 1 and 3 days between ligation of both CCA leads to damage to neurons in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats, which manifests itself in a decrease in their size, deformation of perikarions, and an increase in the number of shrunken neurons and shadow cells [1]. The most pronounced changes were observed in the subgroup with an interval between dressings of 1 day. These changes were similar to those in SCI (p> 0.05), except for the absence of cells with pericellular edema in the hippocampus and their smaller number in the parietal cortex. SCI with an interval between CCA dressings of 7 days, on the contrary, is manifested in a lesser severity of histological changes, especially in the hippocampus.
When studying the respiration of the mitochondrial fraction of brain homogenates of rats with stepped cerebral ischemia, the following data were obtained.
Compared with the "control" group, in the presence of malate / glutamate in the 1st subgroup of SCI, an increase in V2 was observed by 46 (39; 56)%, p <0>0.05), table 1.
In the presence of succinate in the 1st subgroup of SCI with an interval between ligation of both common carotid arteries of 7 days, there was an increase in V1, V4 by 45 (39; 52)%, p‹0.05 and by 47 (37; 55)%, p‹0.05, respectively, the respiratory control coefficient - by 48 (41; 56)%, p‹0.05.
There were no differences in the V1, V2, V3, V4 indices, respiratory control coefficients, acceptor control and phosphorylation when using different substrates (p>0.05), which indicates the equivalence of the consequences of changes in both complexes (I and II) of electron transfer.
Compared with the "control" group, in the 2nd subgroup of SCI with an interval between dressings of 3 days, in the presence of the "malate / glutamate" substrate, only a decrease in V4 by 49 (32; 54)% was noted, p ‹0.05. Indicators V2 and V4 were less by 58 (42; 69)%, p‹0.05, and the phosphorylation coefficient - by 50 (41; 65)%, p‹0.05. In the presence of succinate, there was a decrease in the rates V2, V3 and V4 by 61 (51; 69)%, p‹0.05, 48 (40; 52)%, p‹0.05 and 30 (28; 39)%, p‹0.05, respectively. Compared with the 1st subgroup of SICI, in the 2nd subgroup there was a decrease in V2 - by 67 (52; 74)%, p‹0.05, V4 - by 58 (49; 68)%, p‹0.05 and respiratory control coefficient - by 60 (52; 74)%, p‹0.05.
In the 3rd subgroup of GSCI with a minimum interval between dressings of both CCA 1 day, compared with the control group in the presence of succinate, there was a decrease in the V2, V3 and V4 rates by 52 (43; 65)%, p‹0.05, 61 (52; 69)%, p‹0.05 and 65 (58; 71)%, p‹0.05, respectively. The respiratory control coefficient also decreased by 42 (37; 49)%, p‹0.05 and the phosphorylation coefficient by - 37 (28; 45)%, p‹0.05.
A decrease in the V2, V3, V4 indices and the coefficient of respiratory control in the 3rd subgroup of GSCI indicates damage to electron carriers in mitochondria and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, which, in turn, led to a decrease in energy production, as evidenced by a low phosphorylation coefficient.
Compared with the indicators in the 1st subgroup (the interval between CCA dressings is 7 days), in the 3rd subgroup of the CCA (the interval between the CCA dressings is 1 day), in the presence of the malate / glutamate substrate, the V2, V3 and V4 indicators decreased by 46 (34; 52)%, p ‹0.05, 52 (41; 64)%, p‹0.05 and 72 (61; 82)%, p‹0.05, respectively. There was also a decrease in the phosphorylation coefficient by 30 (19; 45)%, p‹0.05. Compared with the 1st subgroup of GSCI, the velocities V2, V3 and V4 were 71 (63; 84)% less, p‹0.05; by 43 (38; 51)%, p‹0.05 and 79 (67; 86)%, p‹0.05, respectively, and the phosphorylation coefficient - by 50 (41; 65)%, p‹0.05 ... In the presence of succinate, there was a decrease in the rates V1, V2, V3 by 57 (49; 68)%, p‹0.05 and V4 by 80 (71; 95)%, p‹0.05 and 66 (52; 74)%, p‹0.05. The coefficients of acceptor control also decreased - by 43 (39; 48)%, p‹0.05, respiratory control - by 72 (62; 83)%, p‹0.05 and the phosphorylation coefficient - by 43 (29; 54)% , p‹0.05.
Compared with the 2nd subgroup, in the 3rd subgroup of the GSCI, in the presence of both substrates used, the respiration indices of the mitochondrial fraction of brain homogenates did not change significantly (p> 0.05), which indicates the equivalence of violations of I and II electron transfer complexes in 2nd and 3rd subgroups of GSCI.
One of the leading pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic brain damage is a dysfunction of complex I (NADH-dehydrogenase complex) in conditions of oxygen deficiency, a decrease in NADH oxidation and inhibition of the Krebs cycle.
With cerebral ischemia, damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane occurs due to the activation of free radical oxidation processes. Damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane, in turn, leads to an increase in its permeability and a decrease in the level of the proton gradient due to the transition of protons along the concentration gradient through the formed nonspecific pores into the mitochondrial matrix. As a result, the efficiency of ATP synthesis decreases, and more substrates and oxygen are required to maintain the intermembrane potential under these conditions.
As shown earlier, with ligation of both CCA with an interval of 3 days, the histological changes were not as pronounced as in subgroup 3 - no cells with pericellular edema were observed. When bandaging with an interval of 7 days, the pathological changes were even less: the ratio of neurons according to the degree of chromatophilia of the cytoplasm and the size of the perikaryons of neurons differed insignificantly from the values of the indicator in the control group.
In the same animals, the respiration parameters of the mitochondrial fraction of brain homogenates normalized, and some even exceeded the control level, which may be associated with the launch of a number of compensatory processes: an increase in the synthesis of cytochromes, enzymes of the Krebs cycle, the formation of mitochondria, restoration of their cristae, and an increase in the efficiency of oxygen utilization processes. and oxidation substrates and their delivery to mitochondria, due to morphofunctional changes, rearrangement of mitochondrial enzyme complexes, activation of oxidation and phosphorylation enzymes, an increase in the degree of conjugation of oxidation and phosphorylation of adenine nucleotides (ADP, AMP, creatine), activation of the glycolytic nucleic acid pathway, and an increase in the synthesis of proteins, transport of O2 and metabolic substrates, as well as the economical use of oxygen and metabolic substrates in biological oxidation reactions and plastic processes, increasing the efficiency of anaerobic resis ATP synthesis and the activity of anabolic processes [1,17,18,20].
Thus, the studies carried out have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage in GSCI on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both CCA. With a 7-day interval between CCA dressings, compensatory mechanisms were activated [20], which prevented the development of significant disorders of energy exchange, leading to less pronounced morphological disorders and the degree of neurological deficit [22].
When the CCA was ligated with an interval of 1 day, the degree of impairment of energy exchange was maximum, which indicates the lack of implementation of compensatory mechanisms.
Thus, the studies carried out have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage in GSCI on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both CCA. With a 7-day interval between CCA dressings, compensatory mechanisms were activated [20], which prevented the development of significant disorders of energy exchange, leading to less pronounced morphological disorders and the degree of neurological deficit [22].
When the CCA was ligated with an interval of 1 day, the degree of impairment of energy exchange was maximum, which indicates the lack of implementation of compensatory mechanisms.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
State scientific program «To study the processes of damage and adaptation of the brain during its ischemia and the use of correction».
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
